Advancing the Conservation and Utilization of Barley Genetic Resources: Insights into Germplasm Management and Breeding for Sustainable Agriculture

Barley is a very important crop particularly in marginal dry areas, where it often serves
as the most viable option for farmers. Additionally, barley carries great significance in the Western
world, serving not only as a fundamental crop for animal feed and malting but also as a nutritious
food source. The broad adaptability of barley and its ability to withstand various biotic and abiotic
stresses often make this species the sole cereal that can be cultivated in arid regions. The collection
and utilization of barley genetic resources are crucial for identifying valuable traits to enhance
productivity and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This review aims to provide an
overview of the management and exploitation of barley genetic resources. Furthermore, the review
explores the relationship between gene banks and participatory breeding, offering insights into the
diversity and utilization of barley genetic resources through some examples such as the initiatives
undertaken by ICARDA. Finally, this contribution highlights the importance of these resources for
boosting barley productivity, addressing climate change impacts, and meeting the growing food
demands in a rapidly changing agriculture. The understanding and utilizing the rich genetic diversity
of barley can contribute to sustainable agriculture and ensure the success of this vital crop for future
generations globally.